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Pengaruh Pretreatment Microwave Terhadap Rendemen dan Profil Kimiawi Minyak Gaharu Aquilaria Sp.
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Minyak gaharu salah satu produk hasil penyulingan dari resin gaharu yang selain aromanya yang unik dan memiliki aktivitas biologis. Oleh karena tingginya minat serta kelangkaan sumber-sumbernya secara alamiah, peneliti berusaha menemukan cara agar proses penyulingannya lebih efisien tanpa mengorbankan kualitas. Pada penelitian ini serbuk resin gaharu diberikan pretreatmen sebelum disuling dengan menggunakan microwave dengan daya 180 Watt selama 3 x 3 menit. Selanjutnya serbuk resin tersebut direndam masing-masing 1, 2, 3, dan 4 minggu sebelum dilakukan hidrodistilasi selama 15 jam. Minyak atsiri yang dihasilkan selanjutnya dianalisa menggunakan GCMS, sedangkan aromanya diuji hedonis untuk mengetahui perlakuan mana yang paling disukai responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan rendemen minyak atsiri setelah pretreatment. Ada senyawa yang konsisten muncul pada semua perlakuan termasuk kontrol seperti benzylacetone, β-selinene, alloaromadendrene, n-hexadecanoic acid, β-guaiene, dan agarospirol, sedangkan senyawa yang muncul setelah diberikan perlakuan microwave di antaranya adalah di antaranya adalah γ-gurjunene, valerenol, valencene, dibenzylacetone, α-selinene, α-guaiene, beta elemene, γ-muurolene, isocaryophyllene, ocimene, valerenal, cadinene dan dimetil octatriene. Adapun di antara senyawa di atas, yang baru muncul setelah mengalami perendaman adalah valerenal, dibenzylacetone, isocaryophyllene, ocimene, α-guaiene, β-elemene, dan γ-muurolene. Praperlakuan dengan menggunakan microwave dengan daya 180W dan perendaman sampai 2 minggu dapat meningkatkan jumlah rendemen dan keanekaragaman komponen minyak gaharu atsiri. Uji hedonik menunjukkan responden aroma minyak atsiri setelah pretreatment tidak merusak kualitas minyak gaharu.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52689/higea.v15i2.555
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